مجله فلسفه و کلام اسلامی
سال چهل و هفتم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1393)

During the time، land cover and as a result land use patterns go through fundamental changes and human factors can have the most important role in this process. Knowing these changes could be of great help to the future management of this region. According to this، the main purpose of this study is to monitor the land use-cover changes in the Hamedan province area during the three recent decades. Therefore، in order to discover the changes created in the study area، images of TM satellite sensor (1989)، ETM satellite sensor (2000) and LISS3 detector of IRS (2008) were processed. Then after performing needed preprocesses، the enhancements were performed and then by using supervised classification with Maximum likelihood method، land-use cover objective maps were prepared. These maps were compared with the Post classification comparison method in form of a couple in the first period between 1989-2000 and the second period between 2008-2009. The results shows that the area of the land use-cover classes، rangelands and plain lands were decreased during the three decades and on the other hand water area، arid and residential-industrial area were increasing during this period. Woodland areas decreased during the first period and increased in the second period. However، farmlands’ area increased during the first period and decreased during the second one.

Some of logicians like Avicenna، Khaja Nasir al-Din Tusi and Dabiran Katebi believe that indication follows volition and indication never is existed as long as volition isn’t existed. Some others like Qotb a-Din Razi compeletly disagrees with them and believes indication just follows knowing convention. Some of Methodologicians of jurisprudence have presented a new interpretation of Avicenna and Khaja Nasir al-Din Tusi’s point of view. This article has tried to check these opinions and concludes that Qotb al-Din Razi’s view is right.

To complete The Use Theory of Meaning، Paul Horwich put forward a new thesis that some usages of a word have explanatory role and justify the overall use-regularities of that word. These specific sentences have a basic acceptance property which makes them believable in users` system of belief and like a semantic axiom، make other usages justified. But there are still some usages that cannot be explained. In this article، with the help of conceptual and logical method، we suggest، first، considering more basic properties for a word parallel to main usages. Then in second level، we try to find a connection between these properties by suggesting that manifestation of acceptance property has a crucial role in determining common meaning of a word and its other meanings. At end، we make a distinction between acceptance property and other properties of a word by supposing that only acceptance property is non-intentional.

In this paper، I have tried primarily according to an argument، to illustrate the quality of a relation between Dahr world and natural universe. The conclusion shows the subjective duality and Objective unity of Dahr and material natures. two interpretations of this duality would be offered which could be seen as complementary. In the former interpretation this unity، and the duality assumed are explained on the ground of different intellectual cognition of immaterial and material creatures. pointing out deficits of such interpretation، a later interpretation would be offered on the ground of the role and the contribution of concept manifestation on this problem: the real unity of Dahr''s natures and those of material universe would be explained. Thereto according to later interpretation، the role of preparing causes and substantial motion of natures which were assumed as two factors for realization of material motions by philosophers، are incorporated such that، yields functional explanation of material natures which is just like the role of soul in animals life and devising concrete body.

One of the most significant issues proposed in Meta – ethics is moral realism، which has been criticized so much. In this context، one of the main theories has been postulated by Mackie. Since in his opinion moral propoerties depend upon our feelings and emotions and they don''t refer to reality، as a result، they have no causal explanation and they cannot be able to give us knowledge and wisdom. Therefore any judgment about moral properties is fundamentally wrong. Here، firstly، Mackie''s error theory will be considered. Then، with appealing to the conceptual and existential assertions، which are bedrocks of his idea، and also error theory that Locke had developed before him، Mackie''s theory will be examined and in addition، it will be mentioned that the subjectivism of moral values will be facing a great deal of different challenges.

One of the things that got attention of thinkers and scholars for a long time is relation between intelligence and religion، and ratio between these two. In this respect، what had focus of the writer is Mulla Sadra’s outlook on intelligence and religion’s compatibility on monotheism، so that from his outlook، are these two in opposition and one does not get along with other or no? Thus، the main question of this study is: what is Mulla Sadra’s outlook on and intelligence religion’s coordination in one of the most important aspects of monotheism-like religions، which is monotheism itself? In this study، throughout six chapters and by using the descriptive and analytic method، the mention about has subject had studied from Mulla Sadra’s exalted doctrine. so the viewpoints of groups of theologies and philosophers’s opinion have desinedin the second chapter. And the main opinion of Mulla Sadra’s transcendental wisdom about mentioned issue has arranged in the other chapters. Also، each of the main branches have been discussed about; which are self-related monotheism.

The identity and unity of the Divine attributes in the word of Ṣadr al-Mutaʾllihīn، is based upon the extraction of numerous concepts from a single one. This conception is not compatible with the issue of the unity of concept and its referent and mode of indication. In this article، the unity of God’s Essence and attributes would act as the main assumption behind the possibility of extracting many concepts from a single one. After that this article expounds upon the criterion set by Mullā Ṣadrā in response to this problem. From this standpoint، this article investigates his viewpoint concerning the referent of God’s attributes to one concept and a single mode of expression.. Next، with precision، the modes of absoluteness، causation and determination and their various kinds from the viewpoint of Ṣadrā and the possibility of the extraction of the many from one qua one in the discussion of God’s attributesis demonstrated and the plurality of attributes، metaphorically as well as in the mode of singularity is discussed